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Genesis 12:1–9
Romans 4:1–8, 13–17
John 3:1–17
Collects
for Lent 2: O God, You see that of ourselves we have no strength. By
Your mighty power defend us from all adversities that may happen to the body
and from all evil thoughts that may assault and hurt the soul; through Jesus
Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and rules with You and the Holy Spirit,
one God, now and forever.
God
our Father, help us to hear Your Son. Enlighten us with Your word, that we may
find the way to Your glory. We ask this through our Lord Jesus Christ, Your
Son, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, One God, for ever and
ever.
Heavenly Father, it is your glory always
to have mercy. Bring back all who have erred and strayed from your ways; lead
them again to embrace in faith the truth of your Word and to hold it fast.
God our Father, teach us to find new life
through penance. Keep us from sin, and help us live by Your commandment of
love. We ask this through our Lord Jesus Christ, Your Son, who lives and reigns
with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen
The Word of the Gospel Opens the Eyes of
Faith and Fixes Them on Christ Jesus
The Lord called Abram (Abraham) to leave his home and go to a land that God would show him. He also promised to make of Abram “a great nation,” to bless him and make his name great as a blessing to “all the families of the earth” (Genesis 12:2–3). “Abram went, as the Lord had told him” (Genesis 12:4), and in Canaan “he built an altar to the Lord and called upon the name of the Lord” (Genesis 12:8). He “believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness” (Romans 4:3). Here the grace of God is manifested, that He “justifies the ungodly” (Romans 4:5), not by works of the Law, but through faith in His promises. He removes all of our sins and lawless deeds through Jesus Christ, the offspring of Abraham in whom all the Lord’s promises are realized. This forgiveness of sins is the Word of the Gospel, the voice of the Holy Spirit, which “gives life to the dead” (Romans 4:17). It opens the eyes of faith to behold Christ Jesus, the Son of Man lifted up on the cross, “that whoever believes in him may have eternal life” (John 3:14–15).
Lent 2
John 3:1-17
You Must Be Born Again
John 3:1
Ἦν δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων, Νικόδημος ὄνομα αὐτῷ, ἄρχων τῶν Ἰουδαίων·
Now there was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews.
John 3:2
οὗτος ἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτὸν νυκτὸς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Ῥαββί, οἴδαμεν ὅτι ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐλήλυθας διδάσκαλος· οὐδεὶς γὰρ [a]δύναται ταῦτα τὰ σημεῖα ποιεῖν ἃ σὺ ποιεῖς, ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ ὁ θεὸς μετ’ αὐτοῦ. οὗτος ἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτὸν νυκτὸς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Ῥαββί, οἴδαμεν ὅτι ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐλήλυθας διδάσκαλος· οὐδεὶς γὰρ [a]δύναται ταῦτα τὰ σημεῖα ποιεῖν ἃ σὺ ποιεῖς, ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ ὁ θεὸς μετ’ αὐτοῦ.
This man came to Jesus[a] by night and said to him, “Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher come from God, for no one can do these signs that you do unless God is with him.”
Greek him
John 3:3
ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν, οὐ δύναται ἰδεῖν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ.
Jesus answered him, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again[b] he cannot see the kingdom of God.”
b. ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν Or from above; the Greek is purposely ambiguous and can mean both again and from above; also verse 7
John 3:4
λέγει πρὸς αὐτὸνὁ Νικόδημος· Πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος γεννηθῆναι γέρων ὤν; μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ δεύτερον εἰσελθεῖν καὶ γεννηθῆναι;
Nicodemus said to him, “How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born?”
John 3:5
ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς· Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, οὐ δύναται εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ.
Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.
John 3:6
τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς σάρξ ἐστιν, καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος πνεῦμά ἐστιν.
That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.[c]
c. The same Greek word means both wind and spirit
John 3:7
μὴ θαυμάσῃς ὅτι εἶπόν σοι Δεῖ ὑμᾶς γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν.
Do not marvel that I said to you, ‘You[d] must be born again.
d. The Greek for you is plural here
John 3:8
τὸ πνεῦμα ὅπου θέλει πνεῖ, καὶ τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ ἀκούεις, ἀλλ’ οὐκ οἶδας πόθεν ἔρχεται καὶ ποῦ ὑπάγει· οὕτως ἐστὶν πᾶς ὁ γεγεννημένος ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος.
The wind[e] blows where it wishes, and you hear its sound, but you do not know where it comes from or where it goes. So it is with everyone who is born of the Spirit.”
The same Greek word means both wind and spirit
John 3:9
ἀπεκρίθη Νικόδημος καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι;
Nicodemus said to him, “How can these things be?”
John 3:10
ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γινώσκεις;
Jesus answered him, “Are you the teacher of Israel and yet you do not understand these things?
John 3:11
ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι ὅτι ὃ οἴδαμεν λαλοῦμεν καὶ ὃ ἑωράκαμεν μαρτυροῦμεν, καὶ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἡμῶν οὐ λαμβάνετε.
Truly, truly, I say to you, we speak of what we know, and bear witness to what we have seen, but you[f] do not receive our testimony.
f, λέγω σοι The Greek for you is plural here; also four times in verse 12
John 3:12
εἰ τὰ ἐπίγεια εἶπον ὑμῖν καὶ οὐ πιστεύετε, πῶς ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν τὰ ἐπουράνια πιστεύσετε; If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how can you believe if I tell you heavenly things?
John 3:13
καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀναβέβηκεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν εἰ μὴ ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου.
No one has ascended into heaven except he who descended from heaven, the Son of Man.[g]
g. Some manuscripts add who is in heaven
John 3:14
καὶ καθὼς Μωϋσῆς ὕψωσεν τὸν ὄφιν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οὕτως ὑψωθῆναι δεῖ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου,
And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up,
John 3:15
ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων [f]ἐν αὐτῷ ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον.
that whoever believes in him may have eternal life.[h]
h Some interpreters hold that the quotation ends at verse 15
For God So Loved the World
John 3:16
Οὕτως γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν κόσμον ὥστε τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ ἔδωκεν, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν μὴ ἀπόληται ἀλλὰ ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον.
“For God so loved the world,[i] that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.
j. Or For this is how God loved the world
John 3:17
οὐ γὰρ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν [h]υἱὸν εἰς τὸν κόσμον ἵνα κρίνῃ τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλ’ ἵνα σωθῇ ὁ κόσμος δι’ αὐτοῦ.
For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but in order that the world might be saved through him.
John 3:18
ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν οὐ κρίνεται· ὁ δὲ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ μονογενοῦς υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ.
Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only Son of God.
John 3:19
αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον καὶ ἠγάπησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι μᾶλλον τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ φῶς, ἦν γὰρ αὐτῶν πονηρὰ τὰ ἔργα.
And this is the judgment: the light has come into the world, and people loved the darkness rather than the light because their works were evil.
John 3:20
πᾶς γὰρ ὁ φαῦλα πράσσων μισεῖ τὸ φῶς καὶ οὐκ ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα μὴ ἐλεγχθῇ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ·
For everyone who does wicked things hates the light and does not come to the light, lest his works should be exposed.
John 3:21
ὁ δὲ ποιῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα φανερωθῇ αὐτοῦ τὰ ἔργα ὅτι ἐν θεῷ ἐστιν εἰργασμένα.
But whoever does what is true comes to the light, so that it may be clearly seen that his works have been carried out in God.”
Nicodemus is a member of the Sanhedrin. He is
seeking like so many today. He declares that Jesus is “Come from God” – a
phrase normally used only of heavenly messengers, so it hints at his believing
“something more” but at this point afraid to commit himself and Jesus is only a
“teacher”.
Nicodemus, settling in for a
theological/philosophical discussion, would not have expected Jesus’ blunt
retort in verse 3 about being born again. Jesus meant to really challenge
Nicodemus to think deeper (out of the box) about his own faith and about who
Jesus is. AND it is not for Jews alone but for all humanity.
John 3:1-17 narrates the encounter between
Nicodemus, a Pharisee and leader of the Jews, and Jesus. The first issue that
the preacher must address is whether or not to extend the lectionary text
through 3:21. There are several reasons to reconsider the parameters of the
text set out by the lectionary. First, 3:22 marks a distinctive shift in the
narrative action, "After this Jesus and his disciples went into the Judean
countryside."
Second, Jesus does not stop talking after verse
17, so we need to ask whether or not we should be shutting Jesus up before his
intended conclusion. A third reason to include 3:18-21 in the Sunday lectionary
reading is theological. In verses 19-21 Jesus discloses a major theme for the
Gospel of John, light and darkness. For this Gospel, light represents the realm
of belief and darkness the realm of unbelief. Either one is able to recognize
that Jesus is the Word made flesh, the begotten God, or not--there is no gray
area. When Jesus says to Nicodemus, "This is the judgment, that the light
has come into world and people loved darkness more than the light" (3:19),
these words send the reader back to the beginning of chapter 3--that Nicodemus
comes to Jesus by night. Jesus' words are aimed directly at Nicodemus,
"will you continue in darkness or will you come to the light?" The
moment of judgment, the moment of crisis, and in fact, the moment of decision
for Nicodemus, and for the reader, is in this encounter with Jesus.
After Nicodemus's incredulous question, he
seems simply to disappear from the scene, and we are left with Jesus. All of a
sudden, Jesus' words are directed to us. In 3:11, the "you" in
"yet you do not receive our testimony" switches to second person
plural from the second person singular that began the verse, "Truly,
truly, I say to you." How will we fair? Do we really think that we could
have understood Jesus any better than this well-versed, well-educated Pharisee?
And if we do, what makes us think so? What makes us so sure? Because we have
two thousand years of Christianity under our belts? Because we have more
theological insight? Because we have more faith?
We tend to talk about "our faith" or
"having faith," assuming that it is a done deal, that believing is as
simple as acquiring faith. But the Gospel of John never refers to faith as a
noun. Faith is not a possession, not something that one gets, not something
that one has--it is something that one does. Believing for the characters in
the Fourth Gospel is a verb. And as a verb, believing is subject to all of the
ambiguity, the uncertainty, and the indecisiveness of being human.
We need to ask more often than we are willing
to admit, "how can these things be?" We need to take seriously what
faith looks like when it is active, living, permeable, and dynamic. We need to
consider earnestly that having an incarnated God may require an incarnational
faith -- that believing is just as complicated as it is to be human.
Notice that God does not ask the world if it
wishes to be the recipient of God's love. God just goes ahead and loves, and
not only loves but gives the world God's only beloved Son over to death. The
one who dies for you clearly has a significant claim on you, and John makes
that clear. God's love -- surprising, all encompassing, unasked for and
undeserved -- is also given unconditionally. God loves us, that is, whether we
like it or not. In the face of that kind of love, we will likely either yield
to God's love or run away screaming, for no one can remain neutral to such
extravagance.
Either way, God's judgment is revealed: God
loves this world, even the God-hating world that crucified the Lord of glory.
At this place in our Lenten journey, we would do well to pray that by the gift
of the untamed Spirit we might perceive in Jesus' cross God's redemptive act
and in this way be drawn into fellowship with all who dare believe in Jesus
and, indeed, the whole world that God loves so much!
The Evangelist recounts that Moses lifted the
serpent on a "sign" (often rendered "pole," it derives from
the same root). Jesus, like the serpent, will similarly be lifted up (gloried),
and this sign can also easily be misunderstood as a mark of the defeat of this
rabbi rather than perceived as the place where Jesus accomplishes the mission
entrusted him by God (19:30). Only those who can look beyond the material
referent of the sign (flesh) will perceive and participate in God's redemptive
work (Spirit). At this early juncture in Lent, we might therefore look ahead to
the cross and, with John, herald it as the place where we see God'
A
second possibility will be to focus on
Nicodemus. At this point in the narrative, he is not portrayed with great
sympathy. He comes at night, perhaps fearful of the opinions of his peers. He
misunderstands Jesus because he takes his words literally and is therefore
regularly confused about what Jesus says. And he disappears from sight having
shown no signs of greater comprehension or faith. Yet he will reappear at two
later points in the narrative. In chapter 7 (45-52), he offers a somewhat
hesitant defense of Jesus, and in chapter 20 (38:42) he accompanies Joseph of
Arimathea, named a secret believer, with an exorbitant amount of spices for
Jesus' burial.
Has Nicodemus come out of the darkness and into
the light at this late moment in the gospel? It is not entirely clear, but it
may be that John recognizes that while some -- the Samaritan woman in the
following chapter, for instance -- come to faith quickly, others take more
time. Perhaps John is inviting some of those -- then or now -- who have
difficulty believing that the cross is the moment of God's victory to come
along for the ride or, in more traditionally Johannine language, to "come
and see." Faith, in John's gospel, is always a verb, and believing may
take some longer than others.
A
third possibility is to focus on the matter of
being born "from above." Because of the "born again"
movement, this can be somewhat challenging. The preacher's task is neither to
critique Evangelical experience nor endorse a less-than-helpful reading of a
conversion episode as necessary to justifying faith. Faith, as we just saw, is
not a once-and-done action of the believer but rather is an ongoing work of the
Spirit who, as Jesus says, blows where it chooses (3:8). For some the coming of
the Spirit and faith will be a dramatic event; for others it will move more
slowly. Whichever the case, John would shift attention away from our specific
actions - the crisis that Jesus creates makes plain the disposition of the
heart more than calls for a particular decision -- and instead invites us to
witness the powerful and unpredictable activity of the Spirit. Believers
therefore should pray and give thanks for God's Spirit, eager and ready to
testify to God's ongoing activity in their lives.
A fourth possibility involves in a careful unpacking of verse 16. It holds a special place in the hearts of countless Christians for good reason, as it lays bare God's love for the whole world. Interestingly, because world (kosmos in Greek) normally signifies that entity that is hostile to God's will (see 16:33, 17:9-19), one might capture the force and scope of God's unfathomable love by translating the verse, "For God so loved the God-hating world...!" Indeed, God's love is not only unfathomable but also somewhat offensive.
The Greek
New Testament: SBL Edition. Copyright © 2010 by Society of Biblical Literature
and Logos Bible Software
ESV® Text
Edition: 2016. Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of
Good News Publishers.
Schnorr Von Carolsfeld
woodcuts, ‘Satan tempts Jesus’© WELS permission granted for personal and
congregational use
LCMS Lectionary notes © 2018
Lutheran
Service Book © 2006 Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis
